The disc plough is a new type of agricultural machinery developed in the 1980s. The feature of the disc plough is that it is not easy to be blocked by straw and weeds. The main shaft of the disc plough does not entangle the weeds and stubble on the surface when there are many weeds and residues on the surface. It is deep enough to turn up enough soil and cover the long stubble underneath, especially suitable for straw returning and high-yield green manure turning operations. Disc plough is just obtaining more and more rapid development because of being able to adapt to the needs of modern agricultural farming.
1. Classification and structural characteristics of disc ploughs
- Universal disc plough.
- Generally, it is composed of disc plough body, plough frame, suspension frame and tail wheel. The general disc plough is composed of one or more-disc plough bodies, and each disc is independently installed on the plough column welded with the main inclined beam. During the ploughing process, the plane of the disc should form an inclination angle of 40°-45° with the forward direction, and an inclination angle of 15°-25° with the vertical plane. Some ordinary disc ploughs are equipped with a soil scraper in front of the disc plough body, its function is to scrape off the soil adhering to the circular concave surface and promote the turning of the soil to enhance the covering performance. The tail wheel is installed at the rear of the disc plough to balance the side pressure and make the disc plough work stably. In order to ensure the cultivation quality, the up and down position and deflection angle of the tail wheel can be adjusted.
- Two-way disc plough.
- Equipped with a disk reversing mechanism, when the direction of the cultivated land is changed, the disk can be deflected to the left or right with the main inclined beam, so that the soil wall can always be turned in the same direction of the plot.
- Structural composition of the vertical disc plough.
- The plane of the cutting edge of the disc is perpendicular to the ground, that is, there is only a deflection angle but no inclination angle. There are usually 10 to dozens of discs arranged in a row along the main inclined beam on a disc plough, and each disc is separately installed on the plough post hinged with the main inclined beam, and a spring is provided to make the disc plough Trash into the soil. When an obstacle is encountered, the disc is lifted upwards, and then resets automatically after crossing the obstacle.
2. Working mechanism of disc plough
When the tractor is working with the disc plough, the plough body is buried in the soil under its own weight and hydraulic pressure. Because the disk surface of the disk forms a certain angle with the forward direction and the vertical plane, under the action of the traction power and the soil reaction force (or under the forced drive of the power), the disk rotates around its own axis or the disk axis, and the disk rotates with Sliding, tearing, twisting and stretching work together to process the soil, the soil is cut and moved, lifted along the disc surface and turned over with the aid of the moldboard. When working, rely on the tail wheel to balance the reaction force of the soil.
3. Common fault analysis of disc plough
The disc plough does not go into the soil
- Failure analysis.
- When the disc plough is working, the upper part of the disc cutting edge plane is tilted backward, and the angle between it and the vertical plane is called the inclination angle of the disc plough, usually the value is 15°~ 25°. When the disc is adjusted to a more vertical position, that is, when the inclination angle is small, Disc ploughs are easier to dig into the soil. The greater the inclination, the harder it is to cut into the soil. When it is necessary to increase the tillage depth, the inclination angle should also be reduced. The inclination angle is large, the ploughing depth is stable, and the working quality is improved.
- Factors affecting the inclination angle of the disc plough. There are mainly the positions of the plough beam and plough column relative to the disc plough blades, the deformation of the plough beam and the bending of the plough column affect the adjustment of the inclination angle, and the deformation of the disc plough blades.
- Factors affecting the pressure of the disc plough blades on the soil. The main reason is that the weight of the plough body is heavy, and the pressure of the disc plough blade on the soil is greater, and the easier it is to enter the soil. The thickness of the disc plough edge is small, and the pressure of the disc plough edge on the soil is greater, and the easier it is to enter the soil.
- Troubleshooting.
- When the plough beam and plough column are deformed, they can be repaired by flame correction.
- When the disc plough blade is deformed, it can be shaped by pressure or by flame.
- When the weight of the plough body is small, the counterweight can be appropriately increased to increase the pressure of the disc plough blade on the soil.
- When the thickness of the cutting edge of the disc is greater than 2 mm, it should be ground in time to keep the thickness of the cutting edge at 0.5 ~ 1.0 mm.
The disc plough unit automatically swings its head during operation, making it difficult to steer
- Failure analysis.
- During operation, when the deflection moment generated by the force of the soil acting on the disc plough on the tractor is smaller than the moment generated by the lateral reaction force of the soil on the front wheels of the tractor, the unit can drive in a straight line; otherwise, the tractor will automatically tilt its head to one side, causing Direction is difficult. When the disc plough unit is working, it automatically swings its head, and it is difficult to steer, indicating that the unit has a deflection moment. This phenomenon is called partial traction. Trying to eliminate or reduce the deflection moment can eliminate or improve the deflection traction phenomenon. Try to reduce the unbalanced force that the soil acts on the plough body or reduce the distance from the unbalanced force to the power turning center. The force that the soil acts on the plough body can be decomposed into two situations: lateral force and longitudinal force according to the effect of the action. When the disc plough is designed, a tail wheel is specially set up to balance the force of the soil on the plough body, so as to keep the unit running in a straight line. If the tail wheel is deformed, damaged, or improperly adjusted, it will not be able to balance. The deformation of the disc plough body, plough frame, and plough column will also cause the soil to increase the force on the disc plough body, destroy the original adjusted state of the plough body, and cause partial traction.
- Troubleshooting.
- First check the disc plough body, plough frame, plough column, tail Whether the wheels are deformed or damaged, if any, repair them according to the above method first.
- Then carry out trial tillage. If there are still problems, you can adjust according to the following steps, and try while adjusting until the problem is solved.
- STEP 1: Adjust the direction and height of the tail wheel to balance the force of the soil on the disc plough body and reduce unbalanced forces.
- STEP 2: Adjust the position of the two lower suspension points of the suspension pedestal relative to the plough frame, also reducing the deflection moment. Note that this adjustment should be considered comprehensively with the tillage width adjustment.
- STEP 3: Adjust the upper link position. Generally, the pull-up rod is parallel to the forward direction of the unit or slightly deflected to the left to improve the partial traction phenomenon.
- STEP 4: If necessary, adjust the tractor wheelbase so that the total width of the plough matches it, which can eliminate or reduce the distance from the longitudinal unbalanced force to the power slewing center and reduce the deflection moment.